A comparative, evidence-informed review of osteopathic approaches to Idiopathic Somatic Dysfunction (ISD) in dogs, drawing practical insights from human and equine research.

This thesis reviews how osteopathic treatment for Idiopathic Somatic Dysfunction (ISD) in dogs can be strengthened by comparing current findings from human and equine research. As canine-focused studies continue to grow, both human and equine literature offer valuable insights into how tissues adapt, how tension develops, and how movement patterns and compensatory behaviours change in the presence of dysfunction. These cross-species patterns help clarify how ISD develops in dogs and how osteopathic techniques and manual therapy may improve mobility, influence pain, and enhance overall function.

By examining similarities in biomechanics, myofascial connections, and compensatory behaviours across the three species, the review identifies several principles that can guide more effective canine treatment. The findings highlight the value of cross-species learning, support evidence-based assessment and intervention, and recommend further targeted research to strengthen clinical practice in canine osteopathy.